Charge

ABSTRACT

A charge comprises a case, the bottom of which has disposed therein an explosive cartridge, on the inside surface of which cartridge there is mounted a liner. Opposite the bottom, an upper portion of the case is cylindrical and threaded and is provided with a threaded bushing, which is mounted such as to abut the liner and has a through aperture with a diameter that is less than the inside diameter of the liner. The threaded sleeve has an internal or an external thread and the upper portion of the case has an external or an internal thread accordingly. The threaded sleeve has recesses about its periphery for the installation of a removable turning means. The bottom and the outside surface of the cartridge are conical. The liner is configured with a cylindrical shoulder in its upper part and has a height which is greater than that of the cartridge.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present patent application is a National stage application of thePCT application PCT/RU2016/000279 filed May 10, 2016.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the designs of directional charges, and it canbe used for crushing rocks, metal structures, and as well as astructural component of borehole charge.

BACKGROUND

Directional charge is known that includes a cylindrical case with anexplosive substance inside and an end cavity, a charge initiatingassembly opposed to the cavity, a cartridge mesh link coaxially mountedinside the case (SU 145385).

Directional charge is known that includes an explosive charge located ina hollow case consisting of an outer shell, a cone-shaped charge hollowwith a central hole in the top, a cap with a cylindrical bushing with athrough-hole bore and an initiator (GB 1243647).

Directional charge is known that includes an explosive charge located ina hollow case consisting of an outer shell, a cone-shaped charge hollowwith a central hole in the top, a cap with a cylindrical bushing with athrough-hole bore and an initiator characterized in that the outer shelland a cone-shaped charge hollow are made integral, a cone-shaped chargehollow is made of conjugated longitudinal elements oriented with topstowards the central opening of the hollow, and is equipped with atubular element with an axial channel; the bottom part of the tubularelement is conjugated with a cone-shaped charge hollow by means oflongitudinal elements, and the axial channel is connected with thecentral hole and is made with a variable cross-section, the bottom partadjacent to the central hole is conical and the upper part iscylindrical, whereby the tubular element is made with a part overhangthe cover. The through-hole bore of the cover cylindrical bushing ismade in the form of counter-directed vertices flat cones (RU 2192609).

Explosive charge is known that includes a case with an explosivecontained therein and a detonator located in the case neck characterizedin that the detonator is made in the form of a detonating fuse passingthrough the threaded bushing in the neck and having a unit inside thecase. The tail part of the charge is equipped with a socket for aconnecting bushing for collecting charges in a string (RU 10451).

Charge is known that includes a case in which bottom an explosivecartridge is located, suitable for disassembly, opposite to the bottom,the upper part is cylindrical, and a cavity is mounted on the innersurface of the explosive cartridge, suitable for disassembly, and thecase is provided with a threaded bushing connected to its upper part bya threaded connection. Possibility of its dismantling and/or dismantling(removing) the cartridges of explosive 204 and/or explosive 214 forseparate transportation of explosive and metal parts (US 2013112411,prototype) is provided nowhere and is proved unfounded.

The possibility of dismantling a threaded bushing and, therefore, anexplosive cartridge can only be thought up in connection with thepresence of a threaded joint which is not necessarily dismountable.Whereby, no structural elements are provided for the installation ofdetachable tool of rotation without which it is impossible to rotate(screw/unscrew) the threaded bushing without the risk of damage to theparts of the charge including the explosive cartridge. The possibilityof dismantling the threaded bushing and, therefore, the explosivecartridge, and also of their repeated mounting, is not provided for inany way in the description of the known charge and is not based on thedrawings. But even if we assume this possibility, the disadvantages ofthe known charge are the difficulty of mounting and dismounting thethreaded bushing as it is not possible without deformation of theadditional explosive placed on it and without uncontrolled deformationof the explosive main cartridge. By itself, the threaded part (bushing222) does not have parts or surfaces to support it whenunscrewed/screwed to the case. This also excludes the possibility of itsguaranteed installation until tight to the cavity without uncontrolleddeformation of the explosive cartridge, allows the instability of thecharge characteristics due to the effect of the variety of assemblyparameters. In general, there is no possibility of visual statemonitoring of the explosive cartridge and the cavity after the assembly,storage, transportation, mounting and dismounting of the explosive.

As a result of the above stated, in the known charge there is adifficulty and low reliability of the explosive cartridge fixing thatrequires the pressing operation of the explosive cartridge and cavitywhich requires the high qualification of the personnel and complexequipment, fixing the cavity by painting, as well as the high complexityof the charge disassembly—extraction of the pressed explosive cartridgeupon expiration of the storage period or for periodic random check ofthe physical and chemical properties of the explosive. The explosivecartridge can be produced by pressing directly into the charge case,either separately or together with the cavity. Anyhow, the formation andfixing of the explosive cartridge in the case is a responsiblecontrolled operation as the explosive cartridge is retained in the caseonly by frictional forces. In this case, the cavity is fixed, forexample, with paint. Permissible technological variation of thedimensions of the case, cavity and explosive cartridge should be minimalto ensure a guaranteed fixation of the explosive cartridge and thecavity in the case. When assembling, a controlled pressing force isnecessary. The process of the charge assembly should be carried out atthe manufacturing enterprise that has special-purpose equipment andqualified personnel. Therefore, the charges should be transported onlyassembled for storage to the arsenal. Since the transported charge isequipped with the explosive cartridge, the requirements to ensure thesafe transport of explosive according to State standard GOST 14839.20-77“Commercial explosives. Packing, marking, transportation and storage”are imposed.

The mass of the charge case metal is several times greater than the massof the explosive in it but all this mass should be transported incompliance with the requirements of State standard GOST 14839-77 whichrequires the appropriate vehicles (wagons, cars) equipped withprotective devices and trained escorting staff. Thus, when using thedesign of the known charges, the following should be considered:

-   -   complexity of the tooling, equipment and process of pressing        (manufacturing) the charges;    -   uncontrollable deformation (violation of integrity, geometry) of        the thin-wall cavity when pressing the charge;    -   uncontrollable adhesion (engagement) of the explosive to the        charge case and the cavity to the explosive cartridge;    -   instability of the charge characteristics due to the effect of        the variety of assembly parameters    -   impossibility of operative disassembly of the charges without        special-purpose equipment as a result of which the utilization        of the defective and failed products is most often performed by        burning or undermining at the special ranges;    -   impossibility or complexity of secondary use of the parts of the        disassembled charges.

SUMMARY

The technical problem at which solution the claimed invention isdirected is to create an efficient design of the charges that meetmodern requirements and expand the arsenal of effective charge designs.

The technical result providing the solution of the task set is toincrease the safety and simplify the technology of manufacturing,transportation and disposal of the charges.

This reduces the complexity of mounting/dismounting the threaded bushingas they can be carried out without uncontrollable deformation of theexplosive. The threaded bushing is provided with a surface (the innersurface of the hole directly in the threaded bushing) to hold it whenunscrewed/screwed to the case. It also provides the possibility of itsguaranteed installation until tight to the cavity without uncontrollabledeformation of the explosive cartridge, excludes the instability of thecharge characteristics due to the effect of the variety of assemblyparameters. In general, there is possibility of visual state monitoringof the explosive cartridge and the cavity after the assembly, storage,transportation, mounting and dismounting of the explosive cartridge.

Due to the possibility to exclude the pressing operation as theexplosive cartridge and the cavity are identically fixed to excludemovement in the case by means of a threaded part (bushings, covers),with the possibility of separate storage and transportation of thecharges components, as well as the possibility of dismounting andreusing their components. The fixation of the explosive and thecumulative funnel in the casing is determined not by pressing and/oradhesion, but by the presence of a part (bushing) mounted on the thread.Fixing the explosive and the cavity in the case is determined not bypressing and/or adhesion, but by the availability of a part (bushing)mounted on the thread. Assembly and disassembly of the claimed charge(extraction of the explosive cartridge and the cavity from the case) arecarried out as quickly, simply and safely as these operations do notrequire large mechanical effects on the explosive. Technologicalvariation of the dimensions of the explosive case and cartridge toprovide the clamping force can be quite large as the size of theallowable dimensional deviation field can vary over a wider range. Theexplosive cartridge can be transported separately from the case thussignificantly reducing the volume of cargo to which the safetyrequirements by State standard GOST 14839-77 are imposed.

The essence of the invention consists in that the charge contains thecase, in the tapering bottom of which the explosive cartridge is placed,the cavity is mounted on the inner surface of the cartridge, and theupper part opposite to the bottom is made cylindrical with the threadedbushing, characterized in that the threaded bushing is made with groovesalong the periphery to install the detachable tool of rotation and witha through hole having a diameter smaller than the internal diameter ofthe cavity, and installed until tight to the cavity.

In particular cases of implementation, the upper part of the case ismade with external thread, and the thrust threaded bushing is made withinternal thread and with grooves in the form of blind pin-mounting holesfor the detachable tool of rotation.

In other cases of implementation, the upper part of the case is madewith internal thread, and the thrust threaded bushing is made withexternal thread and with grooves in the form of radial slots forshoulders of the detachable tool of rotation.

Preferably, the case is made to be fixed mounted, and the threadconnection of threaded bushing with the upper part of the case is fixedagainst self-unscrewing.

Preferably, the bottom of the case and the outer surface of thecartridge are made conical, cartridge is made hollow with conicalinternal surface, the cavity is made with cylindrical band in the upperpart and higher than the explosive cartridge.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The essence of the invention is illustrated by the drawings:

The drawing in FIG. 1 shows the diagram of the charge and its assemblyin the case of the external thread on the case;

FIG. 2 shows the diagram of the charge and its assembly in the case ofthe internal thread on the case;

FIG. 3 shows the installation of the detachable tool of rotation on thecharge made according to FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 shows the installation of the detachable tool of rotation on thecharge made according to FIG. 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The charge contains a case (metal, glass or plastic), in the bottom(lower part of the case) 1 of which the explosive cartridge 2 is placed,and the upper part 5 opposite to the bottom 1 is made cylindrical. Thecharge is provided with the thrust threaded bushing (detachable cover)4, and the upper part 5 of the case is threaded for attaching thethreaded bushing 4 until tight to the cavity 3, if any, or to thecartridge 2. The hole 7 in the bottom 1, which serves to transferdetonation and arm the charge, may be blind or plugged by the insert(not shown).

In the case of embodiment, shown in FIG. 1, the upper part 5 of the caseis made in the form of a cup (cover) with external thread, and thethrust threaded bushing 4 is provided with an internal thread and a stop(thrust shoulder) 6.

The grooves are made in the form of blind cylindrical holes 8 for thecylindrical pins 9 of the detachable rotating unit 10.

The threaded bushing (fastener puck) 4 is in this case screwed onto theupper part 5 of the case.

In the case of embodiment, shown in FIG. 2, the upper part 5 of the caseis made with internal thread, and the thrust threaded bushing 4 made inthe form of a cylindrical fastener puck (cover) with external (outer)thread. The threaded bushing (fastener puck) 4 is in this case screwedinto the upper part 5 of the case. The grooves are made in the form ofdiametrical through radial (transverse) slots 12 for shoulders 13 of thedetachable rotating unit 14.

Threaded joints may be sealed with gaskets, seals or sealants (notshown).

The bottom 1 and the upper part 5 of the case may be made as a whole ora compound part. The bushing 4 may also be made as a whole or a compoundpart, solid or with a hole through the center.

The bottom 1 of the case and the outside surface of cartridge 2 aremade, as a rule, conical.

The cartridge 2 is made, as a rule, hollow with a cone interior.

In the interior of cartridge 2, as a rule, a thin-walled cone cavity 3is installed.

The explosive cartridges 2 are fabricated with no outside help.

The cartridge 2 may be both prefabricated items made from explosive(pressed, molded by melting or polymerization, turned worked), and itemsmade from a plastic explosive.

The cartridge is assembled in the following way.

In the case of embodiment as per FIG. 1, the explosive cartridge 2 isput into bottom cone of the charge's case 1, the cavity 3 is insertedinto the cartridge cone 2, then the bushing 4 is screwed onto the upperpart 5 of the case, until the end of cavity 3, if available, orpartridge 2 bumps into a special shoulder 6 of the bushing 4. Screwingis made by the detachable tool 10, the cylindrical pins 9 of which areinserted into holes 8.

The detachable tool 10 is a round washer with a wrench-receiving hole 11and two pins 9. The pins 9 of the washer are inserted into the holes 8,and a wrench is inserted into the square hole 11 and screwing/unscrewing is performed.

In the case of embodiment as per FIG. 2, the explosive cartridge 2 isput into bottom cone of the charge case 1, the cavity 3 is inserted intothe cartridge cone 2, then the bushing 4 is screwed onto the upper part5 of the case, until it bumps into the end of cavity 3, if available, orthe end of partridge 2. Screwing is performed by detachable tool 14, theshoulders 13 of which are inserted into slots 12.

The detachable tool 14 is a plate with a length corresponding to outerdiameter of the bushing 4. The shoulders 13 are inserted into slots 12,the big flange of the plate rests on the case 1 walls, in order to avoidtwisting, falling inside the charge. In the center of the tool plate 14,a square is attached to which the wrench is inserted andscrewing/unscrewing is performed.

In order to install the bushing 4, the case 1 is designed to be fixedmounted (fixation), i.e. it is advisable to fix the case 1 in place ofoperation. For example, on the surface of case 1 (on the outer conicalor cylindrical part) two parallel grooves for out-of-fixture fixationare made. In other cases, a special tool is used, inside which the lowerpart of the case 1 is placed and fixed by turning the bolt via a throughradial threaded hole (not shown).

Thus, in each of the embodiments of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the cartridge 2is definitely fixed in the case by connecting the threads of the upperpart 5 of the case 4 to the thread of the bushing 4.

At that, the explosive cartridge 2 and cavity 3 are inserted into thecase (shell) freely or with minimal effort, not requiring industrialpowerful press equipment. The charge may be assembled either manually orby means of devices with a controlled effort of tightening the thread ofthe bushing 4 on the charge case, followed by locking the bushing 4, forexample by notching in thread (LOCKNUT contrer. professional Stop, makestationary) against self-unscrewing. Also, a bonding agent, for examplea sealant or glue, can be applied to the fillets of screw of thethreaded bushing 4 with the upper part 5 of the case, which preventsunauthorized disassembly of the charge.

The cartridge can be initially fixed in the case by means of threaded,key or other methods (not shown).

It is advisable to deliver the cases and explosive cartridges to thestorage site (arsenal) separately, since the claimed design allows forsimple, not requiring industrial equipment and high-skilled personnel,assembly of charges at the place of storage or operation.

The unfilled cases compose the main bulk and volume of the transportcargo, on which no explosives safety requirements are to be imposed andgeneral-purpose transportation means may be used. The explosivecartridges are transported independently, by special transport, withobservance of requirements for transportation of explosives. The mass ofexplosive cartridges is several times smaller than the mass of the casesand much less special vehicles (specially equipped wagons, cars) andtrained accompanying personnel are required for their transportation.For some explosives, it is possible to transport the explosive cartridgein water or a special inert liquid, which excludes unauthorized accessand mechanical influences on the explosive during it transportation.

The use of charges is made in the usual way for their intended purposewhen performing various engineering tasks or as ammunition. When usingcharges, an explosive explodes, releasing heat and forming intensivelyheated gases. High-pressure gases produce a destructive effect,accompanied by propagation of so-called shock wave. Cumulative charges,during explosion of which a directed jet of high impact concentration isformed due to cavity 3, which provides a penetrating effect to aconsiderable depth, are used to penetrate large width of armored andreinforced concrete structures.

The charge is dismantled in the reverse order, and the following isprovided for this design:

-   -   the possibility, after removal of the bushing 4, of a        technologically uncomplicated assembly and extraction (and even        shaking out) of the cartridge 2 without its destruction, which        allows for more detailed study (of density, geometry, detonation        velocity, etc.) to determine the expediency of disposal or the        possibility of further use of the charges' lot;    -   the case (1,5) of the charge, explosive of the cartridge 2 and        cavity 3 (in case of a cumulative charge) are easily separated,        may be used repeatedly or recycled separately;    -   explosive of the cartridge 2 when installed in the case and when        recovered from it, is not subjected to a physico-chemical        modification;    -   with this design of the charge, it is ensured, if necessary, the        disposal of all the material of the cartridge 2 explosive, as        well as the repeated use of the parts.

Thus, the proposed design provides safety and simplification offabrication technique and disassembling of a charge, safety of storageand transportation, stability of the explosive' properties, with thepossibility of full repeated use of parts after disassembly.

The prototypes of the device confirmed the achievement of the technicalresult and the advisability of using the invention.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

This invention is implemented using modern equipment available in theindustry.

What is claimed is:
 1. A charge containing a case, in a tapering bottomof which an explosive cartridge is placed, a cavity is mounted on aninner surface of the cartridge, and an upper part opposite to the bottomis made cylindrical with a threaded bushing, characterized in that thethreaded bushing is made with grooves along a periphery to install adetachable tool of rotation and with a through hole having a diametersmaller than an internal diameter of the cavity, and installed untiltight to the cavity.
 2. The charge according to claim 1, characterizedin that the upper part of the case is made with an external thread, andthe thrust threaded bushing is made with an internal thread and withgrooves in a form of blind pin-mounting holes for the detachable tool ofrotation.
 3. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that theupper part of the case is made with an internal thread, and the thrustthreaded bushing is made with an external thread and with grooves in aform of radial slots for shoulders of the detachable tool of rotation.4. The charge according to claim 1 claim, characterized in that the caseis made to be fixed mounted.
 5. The charge according to claim 1,characterized in that a thread connection of the threaded bushing withthe upper part of the case is fixed against self-unscrewing.
 6. Thecharge according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of thecase and an outer surface of the cartridge are made conical.
 7. Thecharge according to claim 1, characterized in that the cartridge is madehollow with a conical internal surface.
 8. The charge according to claim1, characterized in that the cavity is made with a cylindrical band inthe upper part and higher than the explosive cartridge.